View source for Scribner's Magazine

==Introduction==
===Ambiance Music===
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===Overview===
''Scribner’s Magazine''<html><ref></html>[http://modjourn.org/render.php?view=mjp_object&id=1233672898402506], Modernist Journals<html></ref></html> (1887-1939) was the second publication published from the the New York City firm Scribner’s. Scribner’s Magazine should not be confused with its predecessor Scribners Monthly that ran from 1870 to 1881. Throughout the life of the magazine, many famous and up and coming writers were published in the magazine, including Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, E. W. Hornung, Rudyard Kipling, John Galsworthy, Robert Louis Stevenson, Edward Arlington Robinson, Amy Lowell, Edith Wharton, Sara Teasdale, and F. Scott Fitzgerald. Scribner’s Magazine has also been known for the high number of advertisements sharing space with its numerous authors. Many other magazines from its time only had a few advertisements, but Scribner’s went against the flow of the rest, with half or even more of the magazine consisting of purely advertisements. 
<br><br>Throughout the first 9 issues in 1910, Theodore Roosevelt published a continuous article into the magazine, African Game Trails. In these publications Roosevelt reflects on his hunts in the plains of Africa and what he faced during these hunts. 
<br><br>We wanted to analyze the overall impact on the advertisements and other authors Roosevelt's stories actually had?

==Text Mining==
As depicted in the two embedded Voyant tools, the most frequently occurring words are: new, magazine, and Scribner's. These three words do not say much in regards to Roosevelt's literature. Even the word "Africa", the major topic of Roosevelt's series and part of its title, is quite infrequent - at a count of only 63. 

===Cirrus===
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====Analysis====
Considering the number of famous authors in Scribner's, one would assume those authors' works to hold more weight in the issues. However, one can see the impact of having almost 50% of the magazine as advertisements has on the text mining. One of the most used words is actually "advertisements" which we found ironic but understandable since Scribner's was one of the very first commercial magazines. Obviously, it's impossible to glean much of anything with this method.

==Trends==
List of Corpuses:
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http://voyant-tools.org/?corpus=e5b005a744da340373748e89d3fd62f5
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http://voyant-tools.org/?corpus=c2137e008fcd68465abeb8ef9b393336
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http://voyant-tools.org/?corpus=66e8decfc79ac2f0ec14a998d450540a
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http://voyant-tools.org/?corpus=b7df695b2202a124b5274f9d0787547e
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http://voyant-tools.org/?corpus=462615c5c8c25d2a01e478229319204f
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http://voyant-tools.org/?corpus=41e1da012d390ac314030af4a7e553ec
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http://voyant-tools.org/?corpus=b22d7f5c494471aab7a0c4fcfd99f482
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http://voyant-tools.org/?corpus=28c6b1c646b50d1514fa017ef95a4ddf
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http://voyant-tools.org/?corpus=af7a992d2c3c4c0bc2eb74d04a7da5b5
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http://voyant-tools.org/?corpus=f638e8b4ee61c6582f191a3895739c61
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====Vol. 1 Issue 1====
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<iframe style='width: 30%; height: 500px' src='//voyant-tools.org/?query=africa*&query=africa&query=hunt*&query=gun*&query=kill*&query=advertisement*&withDistributions=raw&bins=12&docIndex=0&mode=document&view=Trends&corpus=c2137e008fcd68465abeb8ef9b393336'></iframe>
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====Vol. 1 Issue 2====
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<iframe style='width: 30%; height: 500px' src='//voyant-tools.org/?query=kill*&query=gun*&query=africa*&query=hunt*&query=advertisements*&withDistributions=raw&bins=12&docIndex=0&mode=document&view=Trends&corpus=66e8decfc79ac2f0ec14a998d450540a'></iframe>
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====Vol. 1 Issue 3====
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<iframe style='width: 30%; height: 500px' src='//voyant-tools.org/?query=advertisements*&query=hunt*&query=africa*&query=kill*&query=gun*&withDistributions=raw&bins=12&docIndex=0&mode=document&view=Trends&corpus=b7df695b2202a124b5274f9d0787547e'></iframe>
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====Vol. 1 Issue 4====
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<iframe style='width: 30%; height: 500px' src='//voyant-tools.org/?query=africa*&query=gun*&query=hunt*&query=advertisements*&query=kill*&withDistributions=raw&bins=12&docIndex=0&mode=document&view=Trends&corpus=462615c5c8c25d2a01e478229319204f'></iframe>
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====Vol. 1 Issue 5====
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<iframe style='width: 30%; height: 500px' src='//voyant-tools.org/?query=gun*&query=africa*&query=hunt*&query=advertisements*&query=kill*&withDistributions=raw&bins=12&docIndex=0&mode=document&view=Trends&corpus=41e1da012d390ac314030af4a7e553ec'></iframe>
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====Vol. 1 Issue 6====
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<iframe style='width: 30%; height: 500px' src='//voyant-tools.org/?query=kill*&query=hunt*&query=africa*&query=gun*&query=advertisements*&withDistributions=raw&bins=12&docIndex=0&mode=document&view=Trends&corpus=b22d7f5c494471aab7a0c4fcfd99f482'></iframe>
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====Vol. 2 Issue 1====
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<iframe style='width: 30%; height: 500px' src='//voyant-tools.org/?&query=kill*&query=gun*&query=hunt*&query=africa*&query=advertisements*&withDistributions=raw&bins=12&docIndex=0&mode=document&view=Trends&corpus=28c6b1c646b50d1514fa017ef95a4ddf'></iframe>
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====Vol. 2 Issue 2====
This issue is improperly digitized in that it removes multiple sections including all the advertisements and thus inhibiting aggregate analysis. 
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====Vol. 2 Issue 3====
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<iframe style='width: 30%; height: 500px' src='//voyant-tools.org/?query=kill*&query=africa*&query=advertisements*&query=hunt*&query=gun*&withDistributions=raw&bins=12&docIndex=0&mode=document&view=Trends&corpus=f638e8b4ee61c6582f191a3895739c61'></iframe>
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====Post Theodore Roosevelt====

====Vol. 2 Issue 4====
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<iframe style='width: 30%; height: 500px' src='//voyant-tools.org/?query=kill*&query=gun*&query=africa*&query=hunt*&query=advertisements*&withDistributions=raw&bins=12&docIndex=0&mode=document&view=Trends&corpus=faa602330557df47335e41780de609a8'></iframe>
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====Vol. 2 Issue 5====
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<iframe style='width: 30%; height: 500px' src='//voyant-tools.org/?query=hunt*&query=africa*&query=kill*&query=gun*&query=advertisements*&withDistributions=raw&bins=12&docIndex=0&mode=document&view=Trends&corpus=8a8dd03f1be807aff7f7588d816e0f40'></iframe>
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==Publication Timeline==
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<iframe src='https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1ai_ZUI0FqVVcwwGtIb3dk389IZZnSa47D83dtw1g6eM&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650' width='100%' height='650' frameborder='0'></iframe>
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==Close Reading==
Nine issues of Scribner's Magazine highlight Theodore Roosevelt's journals of his hunting expedition in Africa. Our close reading analyses both his writing and its effect on the rest of the magazine
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====Roosevelt's Writing====
Theodore Roosevelt led an expedition to Africa to collect specimens for the Smithsonian Museum. In his year long quest, he "collected" 11,400 animal specimens in total.<html><ref></html>[https://face2faceafrica.com/article/theodore-roosevelt-africa], Face 2 Face Africa<html></ref></html> Notably, he collected 11 elephants, 20 rhinoceroses, 17 lions, 20 zebras, 7 hippopotamuses, 7 giraffes, 6 buffalo. He started his expedition in Mombasa, traveled around British East Africa, visited the Belgian Congo, traversed along part of the Nile, and completed his journey in Khartoum.
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In each of the issues of the series, his articles precede all other authors besides the many pages of advertisements. Typically, he begins with a geographic description of his location which continued throughout the issues highlighting the different towns, villages, and tribes he and his troop interacted with. However, it was never more than a fleeting reference to the people. His greater focus was on the many different hunts he conducted. In the series, Roosevelt chronicles many of their daily forays which lead them to much less inhabited regions. He waxes eloquently about the multitude of creatures he kills with a fervor that may have sparked the endangerment of many species in Africa. 
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Although his tone and vocabulary are sophisticated in each of the articles, the substance of his writing is focused on the hunting to the detriment of variety among the issues. Though the terrain and people they interact with change, the stories remain the same of Roosevelt collecting specimens for the Smithsonian in a failed attempt at working as a naturalist. Though he never realized it, his lofty goals were undercut by the aforementioned sheer volume of game killed by Roosevelt and his troop.
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====Effects Analysis====
As the former president of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt was a very influential figure and his influence can be seen within the pages of Scribner's Magazine. Scribner's advertised Theodore's journals within the advertising sections every issue. They also contained many advertisements for guns and hunting supplies, especially in the latter issues. On average, Theodore's issues contained two to three gun/hunting advertisements. This is contrasted by the future issues of Scribner's which contained few to none gun/hunting advertisements. Theodore Roosevelt had a direct impact on the type of advertisements, and it can be reasonably be concluded that he affected the reader base of Scribner's magazine to more hunters. 
es.
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Though no other articles in the magazine directly referenced ''The African Trails'' for the killings which took place, the effects of the image created by a former president of the United States killing thousands of big game animals in the African wild cannot be ignored as many of these animals are currently heavily endangered. 
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In searching out all the impacts of Teddy's series, as well as Scribner's magazine as a whole, a revelation was discovered: at this time, Scribner's was part of a revolution. As the United States' economy was transforming from an Agrarian to an Industrial one, there was a massive increase in production of unique products, and suddenly a much larger need for increased product distribution. It was at the turn of the century that advertisers began infiltrating magazines, and the commercial magazine was born. Companies were able to sell their products to more people, because advertisements had achieved the largest platform for recognition until then. This is often considered one of the most important changes in magazine history<html><ref></html>[http://library.brown.edu/cds/mjp/pdf/mojp000046.pdf], Magazines in the Twentieth Century<html></ref></html>, its impacts still visible now, as commercialized magazines are one of the longest running marriages the world over.

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